Research Methodology
Formative study based on grounded theory
Research methods are primarily qualitative
with some quantitative comparisons
Student ideas examined from a variety of
perspectives to triangulate common patterns:
Open-ended surveys:  N » 200
Follow-up student interviews:  N » 50
Homework and class assignments:  N » 300
Physics lab reports:  N » 100
Hands-on lab exam:  N » 200